PREAMBLE
The primary function of a journalist is to disseminate objective, balance and fair information to general public, be it traditional or online also refers to as the new media.
In carrying out of this duty, they are rules of engagement which involves, verification of event, publication of fact, use of simple language, clarity , accuracy, balance, fair etc. Journalist (Tradition and online) should understand the qualities and element of news as stated above. A defense of justification will not hold where a defamatory statement is either a report, an opinion or a rumor. A journalist should always check his fact very well before presenting his report to the public.
However, Headline and title, can be defamation. The plea of justification will not also hold where a body of story is true in substance and fact, but headline or title with which the story was reported may be libelous; to this, the evidence that the story is true will not be sufficient to safe the reporter. Headline is a complete independent word that form the body of a story. Journalist most be careful with headline.
Old Media vs New Media
The old media are those that present their content in a single platform; radio or television or print. New media on the other hands take advantage of technology to present content in multiplatform formed eg. Blog, Website, Facebook etc.
Both traditional and online journalism are guided with what is refers to as ethics, for instance the cyber crimes (prohibition, prevention etc) Act, 2015 laws of the federation of Nigeria 1999 – 2016 Enactment –Act 21 (1) Any person who knowingly or intentionally send a message or other matter by means of computer system or network that (b) he knows to be false, for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal, intimidation, enmity, hatred ill will or needless anxiety to another or cause such a message to be sent; commits an offence under this Act… in essence one need to be careful of what you copy and paste on online platform. One of the purpose of law or ethnic is to regulate the practice of the profession. The media, both old and new media are regulated, because of the peculiar nature of the medium as vehicles for free expression, which is a fundamental human right, government is careful to regulate the media only to the extent consistent with the expectation of democratic society.
Still on the old vs the new media the new media (online journalism) is loaded with all sorts of instruction both useful and useless. Obeying the rules of engagement (Ethics) of the profession that make the difference between a junk journalist and a professional- both traditional(tv,radio and print) and online reporter(blog, website etc).
Media law vs Ethics of Online Journalism
Plagianism, an online journalist must understand that pasting other people works without their permission is wrong, the copy right law only gives an author or other originator of an intellectual production whereby he is invested with the sole and exclusive privilege of reproducing and selling copies of his work. However, the essence of the law of copyright is to protect intellectual property from being reproduced and sold by unauthorized person. In the case, you are using anyone’s work, the source need to be credited
Another, rule of engagement (Ethnics) is the disclosure, in the traditional media , disclosure of source of news is not encourage; this is to prevent the whistle blower, but in new media reverse is the caase. Also on gratification like gift or brown envelope are not allowed in course of news courage or news reporting. Punch newspaper in the second page of its paper stated boldly that gratification is not allowed or their reporter should not be given any form of gift, the essence of this is to a balance their reportage.
To this end, verification and truth can prevent a label suit or defamation… what separate journalism from propaganda, fiction or just because someone else said it or to break a news is the verification and truth about a story. Moreover, when a story is not verified on the bases of truth may lead to defamation or an injurious publication .The law of demotion; it is concern with injury or damages to reputation resulting to injurious publication. It is essentially to protect and vindicate the character or the defame person. (to build edge of protection around a person). Verification can set one free.
Another variable of online journalism ethic. Is honesty, this will go along way in news presentation. if honest is to be considered in news coverage or writing a story for both old and new media that medium will earn her respect in the industry. Because an honest reporter will always do justice to news reporting, the element of bias or taking one side will not come up.
In conclusion, I will agree to Joann Byrd (2007) point of view that both old and new media should strike a balance, in credible, fair, balance, accurate reportage , and for both to remain more relevant in this competitive information market; it is advisable they adhere to the ethics otherwise the media law.